Horse Chromogranin-A, CHGA ELI

[Pancreastatin]: Strongly inhibits glucose induced insulin release from the pancreas.

[Catestatin]: Inhibits catecholamine release from chromaffin cells and noradrenergic neurons by acting as a non-competitive nicotinic cholinergic antagonist.

Can induce mast cell migration, degranulation and production of cytokines and chemokines.

[Serpinin]: Regulates granule biogenesis in endocrine cells by up-regulating the transcription of protease nexin 1 (SERPINE2) via a cAMP-PKA-SP1 pathway.

This leads to inhibition of granule protein degradation in the Golgi complex which in turn promotes granule formation.