Human Actin-related Protein 3, ACTR3 ELI

ATP-binding component of the Arp2/3 complex, a multiprotein complex that mediates actin polymerization upon stimulation by nucleation-promoting factor (NPF) (PubMed: 9000076).

The Arp2/3 complex mediates the formation of branched actin networks in the cytoplasm, providing the force for cell motility (PubMed: 9000076).

Seems to contact the pointed end of the daughter actin filament (PubMed: 9000076).

In podocytes, required for the formation of lamellipodia downstream of AVIL and PLCE1 regulation (PubMed: 29058690).

In addition to its role in the cytoplasmic cytoskeleton, the Arp2/3 complex also promotes actin polymerization in the nucleus, thereby regulating gene transcription and repair of damaged DNA (PubMed: 17220302, PubMed: 29925947).

The Arp2/3 complex promotes homologous recombination (HR) repair in response to DNA damage by promoting nuclear actin polymerization, leading to drive motility of double-strand breaks (DSBs) (PubMed: 29925947).

Plays a role in ciliogenesis (PubMed: 20393563).