Human cytochrome P450, family 27, subfamily B, polypeptide 1,cyp27b1 ELI

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in vitamin D metabolism and in calcium and phosphorus homeostasis.

Catalyzes the rate-limiting step in the activation of vitamin D in the kidney, namely the hydroxylation of 25-hydroxyvitamin D3/calcidiol at the C1alpha-position to form the hormonally active form of vitamin D3, 1alpha,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/calcitriol that acts via the vitamin D receptor (VDR) (PubMed:10518789, PubMed:9486994, PubMed:22862690, PubMed:10566658, PubMed:12050193).

Has 1alpha-hydroxylase activity on vitamin D intermediates of the CYP24A1-mediated inactivation pathway (PubMed:10518789, PubMed:22862690).

Converts 24R,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3/secalciferol to 1-alpha,24,25-trihydroxyvitamin D3, an active ligand of VDR.

Also active on 25-hydroxyvitamin D2 (PubMed:10518789).

Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via FDXR/adrenodoxin reductase and FDX1/adrenodoxin (PubMed:22862690).

{ECO:0000269|PubMed:10518789, ECO:0000269|PubMed:10566658, ECO:0000269|PubMed:12050193, ECO:0000269|PubMed:22862690, ECO:0000269|PubMed:9486994}.