Human Glucocorticoid Receptor, NR3C1 ELI

Receptor for glucocorticoids (GC) (PubMed: 27120390).

Has a dual mode of action: as a transcription factor that binds to glucocorticoid response elements (GRE), both for nuclear and mitochondrial DNA, and as a modulator of other transcription factors.

Affects inflammatory responses, cellular proliferation and differentiation in target tissues.

Involved in chromatin remodeling (PubMed: 9590696).

Plays a role in rapid mRNA degradation by binding to the 5' UTR of target mRNAs and interacting with PNRC2 in a ligand-dependent manner which recruits the RNA helicase UPF1 and the mRNA-decapping enzyme DCP1A, leading to RNA decay (PubMed: 25775514).

Could act as a coactivator for STAT5-dependent transcription upon growth hormone (GH) stimulation and could reveal an essential role of hepatic GR in the control of body growth (By similarity).

[Isoform Alpha]: Has transcriptional activation and repression activity (PubMed: 15866175, PubMed: 19248771, PubMed: 20484466, PubMed: 23820903, PubMed: 11435610, PubMed: 15769988, PubMed: 17635946, PubMed: 19141540, PubMed: 21664385).

Mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis (PubMed: 23303127).

Promotes accurate chromosome segregation during mitosis (PubMed: 25847991).

May act as a tumor suppressor (PubMed: 25847991).

May play a negative role in adipogenesis through the regulation of lipolytic and antilipogenic gene expression (By similarity).

[Isoform Beta]: Acts as a dominant negative inhibitor of isoform Alpha (PubMed: 7769088, PubMed: 8621628, PubMed: 20484466).

Has intrinsic transcriptional activity independent of isoform Alpha when both isoforms are coexpressed (PubMed: 19248771, PubMed: 26711253).

Loses this transcription modulator function on its own (PubMed: 20484466).

Has no hormone-binding activity (PubMed: 8621628).

May play a role in controlling glucose metabolism by maintaining insulin sensitivity (By similarity).

Reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis through down-regulation of PEPCK in an isoform Alpha-dependent manner (PubMed: 26711253).

Directly regulates STAT1 expression in isoform Alpha-independent manner (PubMed: 26711253).

[Isoform Alpha-2]: Has lower transcriptional activation activity than isoform Alpha.

Exerts a dominant negative effect on isoform Alpha trans-repression mechanism (PubMed: 20484466).

[Isoform GR-P]: Increases activity of isoform Alpha.

[Isoform Alpha-B]: More effective than isoform Alpha in transcriptional activation, but not repression activity.

[Isoform 10]: Has transcriptional activation activity.

[Isoform Alpha-C1]: Has transcriptional activation activity.

[Isoform Alpha-C2]: Has transcriptional activation activity.

[Isoform Alpha-C3]: Has highest transcriptional activation activity of all isoforms created by alternative initiation (PubMed: 15866175, PubMed: 23820903).

Has transcriptional repression activity (PubMed: 23303127).

Mediates glucocorticoid-induced apoptosis (PubMed: 23303127, PubMed: 23820903).

[Isoform Alpha-D1]: Has transcriptional activation activity.

[Isoform Alpha-D2]: Has transcriptional activation activity.

[Isoform Alpha-D3]: Has lowest transcriptional activation activity of all isoforms created by alternative initiation (PubMed: 15866175, PubMed: 23820903).

Has transcriptional repression activity (PubMed: 23303127).