Human Gremlin 1, GREM1 ELI

Cytokine that may play an important role during carcinogenesis and metanephric kidney organogenesis, as a BMP antagonist required for early limb outgrowth and patterning in maintaining the FGF4-SHH feedback loop.

Down-regulates the BMP4 signaling in a dose-dependent manner (By similarity).

Antagonist of BMP2; inhibits BMP2-mediated differentiation of osteoblasts (in vitro) (PubMed: 27036124).

Acts as inhibitor of monocyte chemotaxis.

Can inhibit the growth or viability of normal cells but not transformed cells when is overexpressed (By similarity).