Human Hla Class 2 Histocompatibility Antigen, Dr Alpha Chain, HLA-DRA ELI

An alpha chain of antigen-presenting major histocompatibility complex class II (MHCII) molecule.

In complex with the beta chain HLA-DRB, displays antigenic Peptides on professional antigen presenting cells (APCs) for recognition by alpha-beta T cell receptor (TCR) on HLA-DR-restricted CD4-positive T cells.

This guides antigen-specific T-helper effector functions, both antibody-mediated immune response and macrophage activation, to ultimately eliminate the infectious agents and transformed cells (PubMed: 29884618, PubMed: 17334368, PubMed: 81$458.00|$300.0019, PubMed: 15322540, PubMed: 22327072, PubMed: 27591323, PubMed: 31495665, PubMed: 15265931, PubMed: 9075930, PubMed: 24190431).

Typically presents extracellular Peptide antigens of 10 to 30 amino acids that arise from proteolysis of endocytosed antigens in lysosomes (PubMed: 81$458.00|$300.0019).

In the tumor microenvironment, presents antigenic Peptides that are primarily generated in tumor-resident APCs likely via phagocytosis of apoptotic tumor cells or macropinocytosis of secreted tumor proteins (PubMed: 31495665).

Presents Peptides derived from intracellular proteins that are trapped in autolysosomes after macroautophagy, a mechanism especially relevant for T cell selection in the thymus and central immune tolerance (PubMed: 17182262, PubMed: 23783831).

The selection of the immunodominant epitopes follows two processing modes: 'bind first, cut/trim later' for pathogen-derived antigenic Peptides and 'cut first, bind later' for autoantigens/self-peptides (PubMed: 25413013).

The anchor residue at position 1 of the Peptide N-terminus, usually a large hydrophobic residue, is essential for high affinity interaction with MHCII molecules (PubMed: 81$458.00|$300.0019).