Human Poliovirus Receptor, PVR ELI

Mediates NK cell adhesion and triggers NK cell effector functions.

Binds two different NK cell receptors: CD96 and CD226.

These interactions accumulates at the cell-cell contact site, leading to the formation of a mature immunological synapse between NK cell and target cell.

This may trigger adhesion and secretion of lytic granules and IFN-gamma and activate cytotoxicity of activated NK cells.

May also promote NK cell-target cell modular exchange, and PVR transfer to the NK cell.

This transfer is more important in some tumor cells expressing a lot of PVR, and may trigger fratricide NK cell activation, providing tumors with a mechanism of immunoevasion.

Plays a role in mediating tumor cell invasion and migration. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for poliovirus.

May play a role in axonal transport of poliovirus, by targeting virion-PVR-containing endocytic vesicles to the microtubular network through interaction with DYNLT1.

This interaction would drive the virus-containing vesicle to the axonal retrograde transport. (Microbial infection) Acts as a receptor for Pseudorabies virus. (Microbial infection) Is prevented to reach cell surface upon infection by Human cytomegalovirus /HHV-5, presumably to escape immune recognition of infected cell by NK cells.