Human polipoprotein B MRNA Editing Enzyme Catalytic Subunit 3F,APOBEC3F ELI

DNA deaminase (cytidine deaminase) which acts as an inhibitor of retrovirus replication and retrotransposon mobility via deaminase-dependent and -independent mechanisms.

Exhibits antiviral activity against Vif-deficient HIV-1 (PubMed:15152192, PubMed:23001005).

After the penetration of retroviral nucleocapsids into target cells of infection and the initiation of reverse transcription, it can induce the conversion of cytosine to uracil in the minus-sense single-strand viral DNA, leading to G-to-A hypermutations in the subsequent plus-strand viral DNA.

The resultant detrimental levels of mutations in the proviral genome, along with a deamination-independent mechanism that works prior to the proviral integration, together exert efficient antiretroviral effects in infected target cells.

Selectively targets single-stranded DNA and does not deaminate double-stranded DNA or single- or double-stranded RNA.

Exhibits antiviral activity also against hepatitis B virus (HBV), equine infectious anemia virus (EIAV), xenotropic MuLV-related virus (XMRV) and simian foamy virus (SFV) and may inhibit the mobility of LTR and non-LTR retrotransposons.

May also play a role in the epigenetic regulation of gene expression through the process of active DNA demethylation.

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