Human Toll-like Receptor 5, TLR5 ELI

Pattern recognition receptor (PRR) located on the cell surface that participates in the activation of innate immunity and inflammatory response (PubMed: 11323673, PubMed: 18490781).

Recognizes small molecular motifs named pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMPs) expressed by pathogens and microbe-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs) usually expressed by resident microbiota (PubMed: 29934223).

Upon ligand binding such as bacterial flagellins, recruits intracellular adapter proteins MYD88 and TRIF leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and induction of the inflammatory response (PubMed: 20855887, PubMed: 11489966).

Plays thereby an important role in the relationship between the intestinal epithelium and enteric microbes and contributes to the gut microbiota composition throughout life (By similarity).