Human Toll-like Receptor 9, TLR-9 ELI

Key component of innate and adaptive immunity.

TLRs (Toll-like receptors) control host immune response against pathogens through recognition of molecular patterns specific to microorganisms.

TLR9 is a nucleotide-sensing TLR which is activated by unmethylated cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (CpG) dinucleotides.

Acts via MYD88 and TRAF6, leading to NF-kappa-B activation, cytokine secretion and the inflammatory response (PubMed: 11564765, PubMed: 17932028).

Controls lymphocyte response to Helicobacter infection (By similarity).

Upon CpG stimulation, induces B-cell proliferation, activation, survival and antibody production (PubMed: 23857366).