Mouse Thioredoxin Reductase 1, TXNRD1 ELI

Thioredoxin reductase 1, cytoplasmic is an enzyme that in humans is encoded by the TXNRD1 gene.

This gene encodes a member of the family of pyridine nucleotide oxidoreductases.

This protein reduces thioredoxins as well as other substrates, and plays a role in selenium metabolism and protection against oxidative stress.

The functional enzyme is thought to be a homodimer which uses FAD as a cofactor.

Each subunit contains a selenocysteine (Sec) residue which is required for catalytic activity.

The selenocysteine is encoded by the UGA codon that normally signals translation termination.

The 3' UTR of selenocysteine-containing genes have a common stem-loop structure, the sec insertion sequence (SECIS), that is necessary for the recognition of UGA as a Sec codon rather than as a stop signal.

Alternative splicing results in several transcript variants encoding the same or different isoforms.