Rat Phosphatidylinositol Binding Clathrin Assembly Protein,PICALM ELI

Cytoplasmic adapter protein that plays a critical role in clathrin-mediated endocytosis which is important in processes such as internalization of cell receptors, synaptic transmission or removal of apoptotic cells.

Recruits AP-2 and attaches clathrin triskelions to the cytoplasmic side of plasma membrane leading to clathrin-coated vesicles (CCVs) assembly.

Furthermore, regulates clathrin-coated vesicle size and maturation by directly sensing and driving membrane curvature.

In addition to binding to clathrin, mediates the endocytosis of small R-SNARES (Soluble NSF Attachment Protein REceptors) between plasma membranes and endosomes including VAMP2, VAMP3, VAMP4, VAMP7 or VAMP8.

In turn, PICALM-dependent SNARE endocytosis is required for the formation and maturation of autophagic precursors.

Modulates thereby autophagy and the turnover of autophagy substrates such as MAPT/TAU or amyloid precursor protein cleaved C-terminal fragment (APP-CTF).

{ECO:0000250|UniProtKB:Q13492, ECO:0000269|PubMed:11190274}.