Rat Steroid 17-alpha-hydroxylase, CYP17A1 ELI

A cytochrome P450 monooxygenase involved in corticoid and androgen biosynthesis.

Catalyzes 17-alpha hydroxylation of C21 steroids, which is common for both pathways.

A second oxidative step, required only for androgen synthesis, involves an acyl-carbon cleavage.

The 17-alpha hydroxy intermediates, as part of adrenal glucocorticoids biosynthesis pathway, are precursors of cortisol.

Hydroxylates steroid hormones, pregnenolone and progesterone to form 17-alpha hydroxy metabolites, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form C19 steroids, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA) and androstenedione.

Has 16-alpha hydroxylase activity.

Catalyzes 16-alpha hydroxylation of 17-alpha hydroxy pregnenolone, followed by the cleavage of the C17-C20 bond to form 16-alpha-hydroxy DHEA.

Also 16-alpha hydroxylates androgens, relevant for estriol synthesis.

Mechanistically, uses molecular oxygen inserting one oxygen atom into a substrate, and reducing the second into a water molecule, with two electrons provided by NADPH via cytochrome P450 reductase (CPR; NADPH-ferrihemoprotein reductase).